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本站所有引用资料按类别整理。建议优先使用原始来源进行学术与监管引用。

All sources cited on this site are organized by category. For academic and regulatory citation, we recommend using the primary sources whenever possible.

A. 指南与监管文件A. Guidelines & Regulatory Guidelines & Regulatory

  1. American Diabetes Association. Standards of Care in Diabetes — 2026. Diabetes Care, Dec 2025. diabetesjournals.org/care/issue/49/Supplement_1 最新版年度临床指南，全文 17 章节Latest annual clinical guidelines, full text in 17 chapters
  2. ADA Press Release. "The American Diabetes Association Releases Standards of Care in Diabetes — 2026." diabetes.org
  3. Diabetes Care 2026. Sec. 2: Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes. 链接Link
  4. Diabetes Care 2026. Sec. 15: Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy. 链接Link
  5. ADA 2025 Standards. 2025 ADA Standards of Medical Care PDF
  6. diaTribe (2025). Your Guide to the 2026 ADA Standards of Care. 链接Link
  7. Cardi-OH (2026). Current 59 — Key Updates from the 2026 ADA Standards of Care. 链接Link
  8. ADA Professional. Standards of Care 主页Standards of Care homepage
  9. Medscape (2025). Diabetes Standards of Care: ADA 2025 Guideline Summary. 链接Link
  10. Pharmacy Times (2025). WHO Releases First Global Guidelines for Diabetes Management in Pregnancy. 链接Link
  11. Patient Care Online (2026). ADA Publishes 2026 Standards of Care. 链接Link
  12. Patient Care Online / Omnipod. American Diabetes 2026 Standards & AID Guidance. 链接Link
  13. AAFP — Dexcom Sponsored. CGM: ADA 2026 Standards of Care. 链接Link
  14. Medscape (2025). Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Steatohepatitis: Global MASH/NASH Council 2025 Guideline. 链接Link

B. 病理生理与机制B. Pathophysiology Pathophysiology

  1. NCBI Endotext. Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. 链接Link
  2. Mastrototaro & Sandoval (2025). Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: New Pathogenetic Mechanisms, Treatment and the Most Important Complications. Int J Mol Sci. PMC11817707 · MDPI
  3. Frontiers Endocrinol (2025). Associated factors and principal pathophysiological mechanisms of T2DM. 链接Link · PMC
  4. Cerf (2013). Beta Cell Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance. Front Endocrinol. PMC3608918
  5. Diabetes Metab J. Overcoming β-Cell Dysfunction in T2D: CD36 Inhibition and Antioxidant System. 链接Link
  6. Forbes & Cooper (2013). Mechanisms of Diabetic Complications. Physiol Rev. PMC3849918
  7. Zhu et al. (2022). Shared and specific biological signalling pathways for diabetic retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy and nephropathy. Diab Vasc Dis Res. PubMed 35989592 · SAGE
  8. Frontiers Endocrinol (2024). Parallelism and non-parallelism in diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy. 链接Link
  9. Review (2023). Molecular Pathways in Neuropathy & Nephropathy in Diabetes. PubMed 37018534
  10. Review (2024). Clinical Relationship: Retinopathy, Nephropathy, Neuropathy. PMC11032697
  11. Sciencedirect. Molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. 链接Link

C. 新药与临床进展C. Drugs & Trials Drugs & Trials

  1. Vertex (2025). Vertex Presents Positive Data for Zimislecel in T1D at ADA 85th Scientific Sessions. Vertex News · Vertex Investor Update
  2. CGTLive (2025). Vertex's Islet Cell Therapy Zimislecel (VX-880) Restores Endogenous Insulin Secretion in T1D. 链接Link
  3. diaTribe (2025). Vertex Releases New Data on Potential Cure for Type 1 Diabetes. 链接Link
  4. HCPLive (2025). Zimislecel Enables Insulin Independence in 10 Participants with T1D. 链接Link
  5. ipscell.com (2025). After getting Vertex's Zimislecel most appear cured of T1D. 链接Link
  6. Managed Healthcare Executive. Phase 3 Trial of Vertex's Islet Cell Therapy. 链接Link
  7. MedCity News (2025). Vertex Pharma's Cell Therapy Shows Insulin Independence
  8. CNBC (2026-03). Eli Lilly's retatrutide clears first late-stage diabetes trial. 链接Link
  9. BioSpace (2026). Lilly's Retatrutide Scores Triple Trial Triumph With 26% Weight Loss. 链接Link
  10. PMC (2025). Retatrutide — A Game Changer in Obesity Pharmacotherapy. PMC12190491
  11. GoodRx (2026). Orforglipron News: Foundayo FDA Approved for Weight loss. 链接Link
  12. IQVIA (2026). Outlook for Obesity in 2026: From Consolidation to Acceleration. 链接Link
  13. Lilly Investor. Lilly to present new research at ADA Scientific Sessions. 链接Link
  14. PMC. Tirzepatide: A Novel, Once-weekly Dual GIP and GLP-1 RA. PMC9354517
  15. PubMed (2025). Novel GLP-1-based Medications for T2D and Obesity. PubMed 41054801
  16. Frontiers Mol Biosci (2025). Research progress on oral GLP-1 RA in T2D. 链接Link
  17. PMC. Novel targets for potential therapeutic use in Diabetes Mellitus. PMC9926720
  18. PMC (2025). Harnessing GLP-1 RA for Obesity: Prospects and Obstacles. PMC12668848
  19. Diabetes In Control. GLP-1 / GIP Co-Agonist Pipeline: What's Coming in 2026. 链接Link
  20. Diabetes In Control. ADA 2026 Guidelines Update: What You Need to Know. 链接Link
  21. GoodRx. 5 Projected GLP-1 Trends in 2026. 链接Link
  22. C&EN (2026). Not just GLP-1: Peptide-drug conjugate hits 5 obesity targets. 链接Link

D. T1D 免疫疗法D. T1D Immunotherapy T1D Immunotherapy

  1. Frontiers Endocrinol (2025). Teplizumab: a promising intervention for delaying T1D progression. 链接Link · PubMed 40357199 · PMC12066327
  2. Diabetes Care (2026). Toward Disease-Modifying Therapies in T1D: Focus on Teplizumab. 链接Link
  3. Diabetes Care. Teplizumab: A Disease-Modifying Therapy for T1D That Preserves β-Cell Function. 链接Link
  4. Wiley DMRR (2025). Autoimmune T1D in the Era of Disease-Modifying Immune Therapy. 链接Link · PMC12509486
  5. World J Diabetes. Immunotherapy in T1D: Novel pathway to the future ahead. 链接Link
  6. World J Diabetes. Current perspectives and the future of disease-modifying therapies in T1D. 链接Link

E. SGLT2 抑制剂E. SGLT2 Inhibitors SGLT2 Inhibitors

  1. StatPearls / NCBI. Sodium-Glucose Transport 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors. 链接Link
  2. PMC. SGLT2 Inhibitors: The Star in the Treatment of T2D? PMC7349723
  3. PMC. SGLT2 Inhibitors: Cardio-Renal Outcomes Systematic Review. PMC8489544
  4. Frontiers Med (2025). Application of SGLT-2 inhibitors in non-diabetic CKD: mechanisms, efficacy, and safety. 链接Link · PMC12259609
  5. Frontiers Clin Diab Healthcare (2025). Benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with diabetes and advanced CKD. 链接Link

F. CGM 与 AID 系统F. CGM & AID CGM & AID

  1. Snaq (2026). Ultimate CGM Guide 2026. 链接Link
  2. Healthline / DiabetesMine. Dexcom vs. Abbott FreeStyle Libre: Function, Accuracy, Cost. 链接Link
  3. Dexcom. Dexcom G7 vs G7 15 Day vs FreeStyle Libre 3. 链接Link
  4. Abbott FreeStyle Libre. FreeStyle Libre Systems vs. Dexcom. 链接Link
  5. T1 Support. Technologies and treatments for T1D: What's new for 2025. 链接Link
  6. Type1Strong. 6 Best CGMs for 2026. 链接Link
  7. Doctronic. CGM Comparison Chart. 链接Link
  8. GlobalRPH (2026). What A Closed Loop System For Insulin Delivery Contains. 链接Link
  9. PMC. Artificial pancreas: the past and the future. PMC12549763
  10. ONdrugDelivery. Closing the Loop: The Latest on Artificial Pancreas Systems. 链接Link
  11. ScienceDirect. An overview of advancements in closed-loop artificial pancreas system. 链接Link
  12. Endotext / NCBI. Monitoring Technologies — CGM, Mobile Technology, Biomarkers. 链接Link

G. 肠道菌群与代谢G. Gut Microbiome Gut Microbiome

  1. PMC (2025). Effects of GLP-1 Analogues and Agonists on the Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review. PMC12029897 · MDPI
  2. PMC. The Role of the Gut Microbiome in T2D. PMC12691723
  3. Clinical Kidney Journal (Oxford). Gut microbiota modulation in GLP-1RA and SGLT-2i therapy. 链接Link · PMC
  4. Biores Scientia. GLP-1 Therapy Through a Microbiome Lens. 链接Link
  5. mBio / PMC. Crosstalk between GLP-1 and gut microbiota in metabolic diseases. PMC10790698 · ASM
  6. Layer Origin Nutrition. Which Gut Bacteria Boost Your GLP-1 Production? 链接Link

H. MASH / MASLD 治疗H. Metabolic Liver Disease Metabolic Liver Disease

  1. PMC. Resmetirom for MASH: A Comprehensive Review. PMC12467964
  2. PMC. Comparative Analysis of Resmetirom vs. FGF21 Analogs vs. GLP-1 Agonists in MASLD/MASH (NMA). PMC11505228
  3. AJMC. Resmetirom Shows Consistent Efficacy in MASH Regardless of Concurrent Diabetes Therapy. 链接Link
  4. Journal of Diabetology (2025). The Evolving Role of GLP-1 RA in MASLD. 链接Link
  5. PMC (2025). Semaglutide in MASH: A Narrative Review. PMC12660513
  6. PMC. GLP-1 RA Improve MASH and Liver Fibrosis: Meta-Analysis of RCTs. PMC12309150
  7. PMC. Efficacy of GLP-1 RA and Dual GLP-1/GIP in Managing MASLD: Meta-Analysis. PMC12560356
  8. PMC. Pharmacologic Treatment of MASLD in the Context of T2D. PMC12989002

I. 妊娠期糖尿病I. Pregnancy Pregnancy

  1. Diabetes Care 2026, Sec. 15. Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy · PMC12690181
  2. Diabetes Care 2025, Sec. 15. 链接Link
  3. PMC (2025). Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy: A Review of Clinical Guidelines and Practices. PMC11928751
  4. ScienceDirect (2025). Pharmacological therapy for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A comprehensive overview. 链接Link
  5. Kaiser Permanente. Gestational Diabetes Screening and Treatment Guideline. PDF

J. 诊断与监测J. Diagnosis Diagnosis

  1. OpenHouse Clinic (2025). 2025 ADA Guidelines on HbA1c. 链接Link
  2. Medscape. Type 2 Diabetes Diagnostic Criteria by the ADA. 链接Link
  3. Liv Hospital. Blood Sugar Chart: 5 Key Diabetes Diagnosis Criteria. 链接Link
  4. Diabetes Care 2024, Sec. 2. Diagnosis and Classification. PMC10725812

K. 营养K. Nutrition Nutrition

  1. PMC. Low-Carbohydrate and Ketogenic Dietary Patterns for T2D Management. PMC11147446
  2. Diabetes Meal Plans. ADA Low Carb Diet Recommendations. 链接Link
  3. PMC. Italian Ketogenic Mediterranean Diet in Overweight/Obese Patients with Prediabetes or T2D. PMC9610411
  4. PMC. Dietary and Nutritional Guidelines for People with Diabetes. PMC10610139

L. 机构与数据库L. Institutions & Databases Institutions & Databases

  1. International Diabetes Federation (IDF) — IDF Diabetes Atlas (11th Edition, 2024)
  2. American Diabetes Association (ADA) Professional
  3. European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)
  4. WHO — Diabetes
  5. FDA — drug approvals & guidance
  6. EMA — European Medicines Agency
  7. NMPA (中国国家药监局)NMPA (China National Medical Products Administration)
  8. ClinicalTrials.gov — Trial registry
  9. PubMed — biomedical literature
  10. diabetes.org — ADA patient & professional resources